Mental Health Problems Among Whistleblowers: A Comparative Study.

Whistleblowers play a very important and indispensable role in society and health care sector, but their act may elicit retaliation and other negative effects, which may impact their mental health. The main aim of the present comparative study is to assess to what extent whistleblowers ( N = 27) more often suffer from severe mental health problems than other population-based groups in the Netherlands, i.e., matched controls ( N = 135), cancer patients ( N = 130), persons with (partial) work disabilities ( N = 194), physically "healthy" persons ( N = 200), and general population ( N = 1026), using the 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey scales (for general mental health) and the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised scales (for specific mental health problems: depression, anxiety, agoraphobia, interpersonal sensitivity and distrust, and sleeping problems). Logistic regression analyses showed that the prevalence of general mental health problems was much higher than among matched controls and people with work disabilities but similar to cancer patient when controlling for demographics. About 85% suffered from severe to very severe anxiety, depression, interpersonal sensitivity and distrust, agoraphobia symptoms, and/or sleeping problems, and 48% reached clinical levels of these specific mental health problems. These specific mental health problems were much more prevalent than among the general population.

Recalibration of auditory phonemes by lipread speech is ear-specific.

Listeners quickly learn to label an ambiguous speech sound if there is lipread information that tells what the sound should be (i.e., phonetic recalibration Bertelson, Vroomen, & de Gelder (2003)). We report the counter-intuitive result that the same ambiguous sound can be simultaneously adapted to two opposing phonemic interpretations if presented in the left and right ear. This is strong evidence against the notion that phonetic recalibration involves an adjustment of abstract phoneme boundaries. It rather supports the idea that phonetic recalibration is closely tied to the sensory specifics of the learning context.